Article Publication Charges and Licensing Agreements

Publication fees are required for publication in the refereed journals of the American Astronomical Society (the Astronomical Journal, the Astrophysical Journal, Astrophysical Journal Letters, the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, and the Planetary Science Journal). Please be aware that the journals do not receive direct funding from any external agencies.

Research Notes of the AAS and the Bulletin of the AAS are fully open access (OA) publications and have no article publication charges.

Note that, effective 1 January 2022, all AAS journals are fully open access.

For information about article publication charges and licensing agreements after 1 January 2022, please see our open access FAQ. Authors that have submitted prior to 1 January 2022 are subject to the old article publication charges. Please contact the editorial office at journals.manager@aas.org for details on the prior author publication fees.

Article Publication Charges

The AAS calculates article publication charges using an approach that counts “digital quanta”, units of information in digital form that the author supplies. Digital quanta can include words, figures, tables, data components, and figures within a figure set.

The tables below define the types of digital quanta and the 2024 publication charges.

The charges below are current for the 2024 calendar year. Effective 1 January 2022, all AAS journals became fully open access.
Number of quanta
2024 rates
ApJ, ApJS and AJ
Tier 1 ≤ 30 quanta $1,318
Tier 2 31–50 quanta $2,923
Tier 3 51–100 quanta $5,160
Long-article surcharge > 100 quanta $250
ApJL (rates include $450 handling fee)
ApJL Tier 1 ≤ 40 quanta $2,766
ApJL Long-article surcharge > 40 quanta $450
Errata in any AAS journal No charge

Types of Digital Quanta

Type of quantum
Number of components per quantum
Words 350 words =
1 quantum
Authors, affiliations, acknowledgements, and references Not counted
Regular Figures 1 figure =
1 quantum
Tables 1 table =
1 quantum
Interactive or Animated Figures* 1 animation or interactive =
1 quantum
Data components (machine-readable tables, data behind the figures, etc.)* 1 data component =
1 quantum
Figure sets* 100 figures =
1 quantum
* All online-only components require an example component in the article. For machine-readable tables this is an example or descriptive table. For interactive or animated figures and figure sets, this is a regular figure. The quanta charge for the online component is in addition to the charge for the regular component.

You can obtain an approximation of the quanta count for your article at any time using our rough quanta estimator. The final quanta count is conducted once your article is sent to production.

2024 Planetary Science Journal Rates

Text Quanta Charge $67
Figure Charge $60
Table Charge $60
MRT Charge $60
Errata Surcharge $60
Other Online Charge $60

Licensing Agreements

Before your article can be published in an American Astronomical Society (AAS) journal, we require you to sign and return an agreement governing the copyright and licensing of the final article published in the AAS Journal.

The agreement should be signed by at least one of the authors (who agrees to inform the others, if any) or, in the case of a work made for hire, by the employer.

An author who is a U.S. Government officer or employee and who prepared the article as part of his or her official duties does not own any copyright in it. If at least one of the authors is not a U.S. Government employee, one of those non-government authors should sign the licensing agreement.

Authors of all AAS Journal articles accepted after 11 October 2021 will retain copyright in the published article and grant the AAS a non-exclusive CC-BY license to publish the article using the CC-BY licensing agreement. This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the author’s work, even commercially, as long as the author is credited for the original creation.

If you are submitting to arXiv, you should choose CC-BY or the arXiv-exclusive license to be compliant for publication in AAS journals and avoid any other available licenses.

Reproduction of Copyrighted Materials

The AAS holds the copyright for all non-gold-OA articles published in the Astronomical Journal, the Astrophysical Journal, Astrophysical Journal Letters, and the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series prior to 11 Oct 2021. The following section refers only to articles for which the AAS holds the copyright; all gold OA articles (including all articles published in the Planetary Science Journal) are published under a CC-BY 4.0 license, which delineates requirements for reuse.

The AAS is eager for the information published in its journals to reach the widest possible audience and it encourages the reuse of figures, tables, or other materials in review articles, textbooks, and other appropriate means of scholarly communication. For all articles in the AAS journals for which the AAS holds the copyright, the Society grants control of the right to reproduce the material to the original authors as long as they are alive.

Permission to Use AAS Material in Classrooms and Libraries

Multiple copies may be made for classroom use provided 1) that no charge is made for such copies (other than a nominal charge to cover the cost of reprography), 2) that such copies are not made or distributed for commercial advantage, and 3) that the copies bear the American Astronomical Society copyright notice.

Libraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service may photocopy items for internal or personal use, or the internal or personal use of specific clients in the U.S.A., provided that the per-copy fee is paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, U.S.A.

Permission to Use AAS Material in Other Publications

Permission to reproduce material from articles for which the AAS holds the copyright is managed on behalf of the AAS by IOP Publishing. In order to gain permission to reproduce material under AAS copyright, you should do the following:

  1. Obtain consent from one of the original authors of the article from which you wish to extract materials. In the event that the original authors are deceased or unavailable, contact IOP Publishing at permissions@ioppublishing.org for advice. A form is available for you to ask for this consent.
  2. Notify permissions@ioppublishing.org when consent has been obtained from the original authors. Give the original citation for the figure, table, or other material that you plan to reproduce as well as the information about where the material is to appear.
  3. If your publisher needs a formal indication of this permission, send a request to permissions@ioppublishing.org. If special forms are required by your publisher, be sure to include copies of the forms. Requests for formal permission will normally be satisfied within a week of the request.
  4. All reproduced material must be properly identified by the citation of the original publication and may carry the indication, “reproduced by permission of the AAS.”

Permission to Use Non-AAS Material in AAS Journals

When you submit an article for publication in an AAS journal and you choose to use material (including short extracts or diagrams) published previously by other authors in journals other than those of the AAS, then you must first obtain the written permission of the author and the publisher concerned. You must submit signed copies of the applicable permission forms when you submit your article. We do not perform this task for you.

Permission Forms

Permission request forms are available for the use of authors of AAS journal articles, as well as those authors who may wish to make use of material from AAS journals.